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 時事英語


海外のニュース源から、様々なニュースをとりあげ、速読します。興味のある方は、リンク先のニュース源を読んでみてください。なお、このコーナーの末尾に、「アメリカと日本」シリーズを載せております。

 


  日本政治の後進性

 [2.27.2008更新]

Taking back the car keys
In effect, a generational coup has taken place, with the keys to the political car taken back by the oldies. The result is that structural change is on hold. Negotiations to lower trade barriers with other countries have slowed. Tax reform to set the budget on an even keel has been put off. A senior reform-minded civil servant says that morale among modernising bureaucrats, those that favour privatisation and more competition, has sunk. None of them, he says, now dares propose growth-boosting reforms?as they used to under Mr Koizumi and even Mr Abe?for fear of incurring the disfavour of their political masters. Meanwhile, attacks on foreign investment are on the rise again among politicians and old-guard civil servants.



Taking back the car keys (車の鍵を奪回する)

In effect, a generational coup has taken place,(実際・世代クーデターが起こった)
with the keys to the political car (政治の車の鍵が)
taken back by the oldies. (取り戻された)
The result is (その結果は)
that structural change is on hold. (構造的変革が延期された)
Negotiations to lower trade barriers (貿易障壁を下げるための交渉は)
with other countries (他国との)
have slowed. (遅くなった)
Tax reform to set the budget on an even keel (税制改革は・予算を均衡させる)
has been put off. (延期された)
A senior reform-minded civil servant says (改革を支持する官僚は言う)
that morale among modernising bureaucrats, (現代的な考えを持つ官僚間の士気は)
those that favour privatisation (好む・民営化と)
and more competition, (さらなる競争を)
has sunk. (落ちた)
None of them, he says, now dares propose(彼らは誰も・彼は言う・今や提案しない)
growth-boosting reforms (成長を促進する改革を)
---as they used to under Mr Koizumi (彼らがしていたように・小泉政権下で)
and even Mr Abe --- (安倍政権下においてさえ)
for fear of incurring the disfavour (恐れて・不興を買うことを)
of their political masters. (政治権力者の)
Meanwhile, attacks on foreign investment (その間に・外国人の投資への攻撃が)
are on the rise again (増加している・再び)
among politicians (〜の間で・政治家と)
and old-guard civil servants.(保守的な官僚)

 

Mr Fukuda understands Japan's problems better than Mr Abe did. He spelt some of them out in his policy address to the Diet's new session last month: he underlined the need to overcome labour-market rigidities that discourage women and the elderly, and discriminate against Japan's army of workers who can find only temporary jobs. He bemoaned Japan's feeble standing as an international financial centre, thanks in part to hostility to foreign investment. He stressed the importance of putting the government's rickety finances to rights, and he has since championed the cause of consumers.


 

Mr Fukuda understands Japan's problems (福田氏は理解している・日本の問題点を)
better than Mr Abe did. (よりよく・安倍氏よりも)
He spelt some of them out (彼はとりあげた・それらの問題の一部を)
in his policy address (彼の政権演説の中で)
to the Diet's new session last month: (国会の開会時の・先月)
he underlined the need (彼は必要性を強調した)
to overcome labour-market rigidities (克服する・労働市場の硬直性を)
that discourage women and the elderly, (女性や老人が入りにくい)
and discriminate against Japan's army of workers(差別する・日本の多くの労働者を)
who can find only temporary jobs. (短期の仕事しか見つけられない)
He bemoaned Japan's feeble standing (彼は嘆いた・日本の脆い基盤を)
as an international financial centre, (国際金融センターとしての)
thanks in part to hostility (一つには敵意のため)
to foreign investment. (外国人の投資に対する)
He stressed the importance (彼は重要性を強調した)
of putting the government's rickety finances to rights, (政府のボロボロの財政状況を是正することの)
and he has since championed (彼はそれ以来擁護している)
the cause of consumers.(消費者の大義を)



Yet both allies and opponents alike believe he has neither the gumption nor the authority forcefully to push for these goals. In particular, the government already looks like missing a long-agreed target to balance the budget, before interest payments, by 2011. In the government's latest budget, for the fiscal year beginning in April, the LDP's traditional clients, farmers and road-builders, are getting goodies denied them in recent years.


Yet both allies and opponents alike believe (しかし・同盟者も反対者も同様に信じている)
he has neither the gumption nor the authority (彼には進取性も権威もない)
forcefully to push for these goals. (強力に推し進める・こうした目標に向かって)
In particular, (とりわけ)
the government already looks (政府はすでに見える)
like missing a long-agreed target (失ったように・長期に合意された目標を)
to balance the budget, (予算を均衡させるための)
before interest payments, by 2011. (利払いの前に・2011年までに)
In the government's latest budget, (政府の最新の予算では)
for the fiscal year beginning in April, (4月からの会計年度の)
the LDP's traditional clients, (自民党の伝統的支持母体である)
farmers and road-builders, (農家と道路建設関係者は)
are getting goodies (うまいものを得ている)
denied them in recent years. (彼らに与えるのをやめた・近年)

http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10723419

Why Japan keeps failing  Feb 21st 2008  The Economist 




  オバマ氏のヒラリー批判

 [2.18.2008更新]


Obama knocks Clinton for ties to lobbyists

MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin (CNN) -- Sen. Barack Obama Friday knocked Sen. Hillary Clinton for taking lobbyists' money and said she was too much a part of "business-as-usual in Washington" to bring about reform.



Obama knocks Clinton for ties to lobbyists (オバマ氏、クリントン氏を非難・ロビイストとの関係について)

MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin (CNN) -- (ミルウィーキー・ウィスコンシン州(CNN))
Sen. Barack Obama Friday (バラク・オバマ上院議員は金曜日)
knocked Sen. Hillary Clinton (非難した・ヒラリー・クリントン上院議員を)
for taking lobbyists' money (ロビイストの金を受け取ったことについて)
and said (そして言った)
she was too much a part of (ヒラリー氏はあまりにも〜である)
"business-as-usual in Washington" (ワシントンの旧守派の)
to bring about reform.  (改革を行うには)



Sen. Barack Obama holds a news conference in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Friday.

The Illinois Democrat's comments come after Clinton Thursday questioned his record of standing up to special interests.

"The problem we have is not a lack of good ideas," Obama said in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Friday. "It's that Washington today is a place where good ideas go to die."



Sen. Barack Obama holds a news conference (オバマ上院議員は記者会見を行う)
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Friday. (ミルウォーキーで・ウィスコン州・金曜日に)

The Illinois Democrat's comments come (オバマ氏のコメントは答えたものだ)
after Clinton Thursday questioned his record(クリントン氏が木曜日に・疑問を呈した後に・彼の経歴に)
of standing up to special interests. (特定の利益団体に立ち向かってきたという)

"The problem we have is not a lack of good ideas," (我々の抱える問題は・いい考えが足りないことではない)
Obama said in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Friday. (オバマ氏は言った・ミルウォーキーで・ウィスコン州・金曜日に)
"It's that Washington today is a place (問題は・今日のワシントンが〜な場所だということだ)
where good ideas go to die."(いい考えが生かされない)



"In this campaign, [Clinton has] taken nearly double the amount of money from lobbyists than any Democrat or Republican running for president," he said. "That's not being a part of the solutions business. That's being a part of business-as-usual in Washington." 


"In this campaign, [Clinton has] taken (この選挙戦で・クリントン氏は受け取った)
nearly double the amount of money from lobbyists (2倍近くの金を・ロビイストから)
than any Democrat or Republican (どの民主党員・共和党員よりも)
running for president," he said. (大統領選挙に立候補している・彼は言った)
"That's not being a part of the solutions business. (それは一部ではない・問題解決ビジネスの)
That's being a part of business-as-usual in Washington."(それは一部だ・ワシントンの旧守派の) 



最後の部分は、クリントン氏が I am in the solutions business. My opponent is in the promises business.「私には問題を解決する実行力があるが、オバマ氏は空約束ばかりしている」と述べたのを受けたものです。

http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/02/15/obama.clinton/index.html

CNN  February 15, 2008

  米連銀の苦悩

 [2.11.2008更新]


Fed attacks in the face of uncertainty

Pity the Federal Reserve. Given extreme uncertainty about the trajectory of the US economy, it is like a poker player in a hand with a big pot and every player still in: placing a monetary policy bet takes luck as much as judgment. A sound case can be made for the Fed’s aggressive interest rate cuts of 125 basis points in eight days, although a sound case could also be made for a more gentle approach.


Fed attacks in the face of uncertainty(連銀攻撃中・先行き不透明な中で)

Pity the Federal Reserve. (連銀に同情する)
Given extreme uncertainty (極度な不確実性を考えると)
about the trajectory of the US economy, (先行きについて・米国経済の)
it is like a poker player (それはポーカーのプレイヤーに似ている)
in a hand with a big pot (手に大きな役を持っている)
and every player still in: (そしてどのプレイヤーもそれをまだ出さない)
placing a monetary policy bet (金融政策の賭けをするのは)
takes luck (幸運が必要だ)
as much as judgment.(判断力だけでなく)
A sound case can be made (正当だと主張できるだろう)
for the Fed’s aggressive interest rate cuts (Fedの果敢な利下げに対して)
of 125 basis points in eight days, (1.25%の・8日間で)
although a sound case could also be made (正当だと主張できるだろう)
for a more gentle approach.(もっと穏当な手段に対しても)

The question is whether financial market troubles will create feedback loops in the economy. If falls in house prices increase credit losses at banks, which reduce mortgage lending and so create further drops in house prices, then a deflationary spiral could take hold. Equally, it might not. That uncertainty, and uncertainty about whether monetary policy will work at all given the parlous state of the banks, makes a sensible strategy hard to formulate.

The question is whether(問題は〜かどうかである)
financial market troubles will create (金融市場の問題が生み出すか)
feedback loops in the economy. (フィードバックのループを・経済に)
If falls in house prices increase (もし住宅価格の下落が増加させれば)
credit losses at banks, (銀行の不良債権を)
which reduce mortgage lending (それは住宅ローンの貸付を減少させ)
and so create further drops in house prices, (それで生み出す・さらなる住宅価格の下落を)
then a deflationary spiral could take hold. (次にデフレスパイラルが起こるかもしれない)
Equally, it might not. (同程度に・起こらないかもしれない)
That uncertainty, (この不確実性と)and uncertainty (不確実性は)
about whether monetary policy will work at all (〜についての・金融政策が一体効果があるのかどうか)
given the parlous state of the banks, (〜を考えると・切迫した銀行の状態)
makes a sensible strategy hard to formulate.(賢明な戦略を難しくする・立てるのを)


http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c9a0affc-d035-11dc-9309-0000779fd2ac.html
Published: January 31 2008 20:08 | Last updated: January 31 2008 20:08
Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2008



  イギリス経済の不安

 [2.5.2008更新]

Record deficit adds to fears for UK economy
 
The UK's current account deficit leapt by almost 50 per cent
in the third quarter, hitting a record 20bn and raising fresh
concerns about the stability of the country's economy.


Record deficit adds to fears for UK economy
(記録的な赤字が、英国経済への懸念を高めている)

The UK's current account deficit (英国の現在の財政赤字は)
leapt by almost 50 per cent (跳ね上がった・50%近く)
in the third quarter, (第3四半期に)
hitting a record 20bn (達し・200億ポンドの記録に)
and raising fresh concerns (新たな懸念を高めている)
about the stability of the country's economy. (安定性についての・英国経済の)


The deficit was almost twice as large as expected, as the
strong pound saw the level of imports far exceed exports,
and the levels of investment fell.


The deficit was almost twice (赤字はおよそ2倍であった)
as large as expected, (予想された額の)
as the strong pound saw (その理由は・ポンド高によって)
the level of imports far exceed exports, (輸入が輸出をはるかに上回った)
and the levels of investment fell. (そして投資が落ち込んだ)


Public sector borrowing also hit a new high of 11.2bn last
month, up from 9.1bn at the same time last year, while gross
mortgage lending fell by 7.7 per cent during the month,
confirming the slowdown in the housing market.

Public sector borrowing also hit (政府の借り入れ額も達した)
a new high of 11.2bn last month,(記録更新となる112億ポンドに・先月)
up from 9.1bn at the same time last year,(91億ポンドから増加し・前年同期の)

while gross mortgage lending (一方・住宅ローンの総貸付額は)
fell by 7.7 per cent during the month, (減少し・7.7%・1か月間で)
confirming the slowdown in the housing market.(確実にした・住宅市場の低迷を)

 

Jonathan Loynes of Capital Economics said the data showed
the UK economy to be "dangerously unbalanced". "This morning's
flurry of UK data paints a worrying picture of a dangerously
unbalanced economy," he said. "The UK's external position now
looks pretty much as bad as that in the US, suggesting the
pound needs to fall sharply like the US dollar."


Jonathan Loynes of Capital Economics said (Capital EconomicsのJ.L氏は述べた)
the data showed (データが示す)
the UK economy to be "dangerously unbalanced".
(英国経済が「危険な不安定状態」にあると)

"This morning's flurry of UK data (英国のデータのよる今朝の動揺は)
paints a worrying picture of a dangerously unbalanced economy,"
(心配な状況を示している・危険な不安定状態にある経済の)
he said. (彼は述べた)

"The UK's external position now (英国の外部状況は今)
looks pretty much as bad (全く同じように悪く見える)
as that in the US, (アメリカの外部状況と)
suggesting the pound needs to fall sharply
(示唆する・ポンドの大幅安が必要だと)
like the US dollar."(米ドルのように)


出典:
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/record-deficit-adds-to-fears-for-uk-economy-766462.html

(THE INDEPENDENT Friday, 21 December 2007 の記事から)


 アメリカと日本


日本はアメリカの言いなりであるとよく言われますが、その根拠の一つとされているのが、アメリカ政府が日本政府に対して様々な要求を出す「年次改革要望書」です。このコーナーでは、2007年度「年次改革要望書」を使って、英語の勉強をしようと思います。   

「年次改革要望書」が、日本の政治にいかに大きな影響を与えてきたかについては、「拒否できない日本」(文春新書 関岡英之著)に詳しく書いてあります。また、 Wikipedia「年次改革要望書」で、その概略を知ることもできます。 

[2.5.2008更新] 



 年次改革要望書の構成


2007年版年次改革要望書は、全部で50枚で、次のような構成になっています。

1ページ   「序文」
2ページ   「目次」
3〜8ページ  Recommendation Highlights  「要望の要点をまとめた部分」
9ページ〜    Annex 「補遺」

補遺といいながらも、Annex の部分が一番分量が多く、要求の具体的な期日などが詳しく書かれています。そこで、このAnnex から、私が面白いと思った部分を抜き出して読んでみることにしましょう。

 [12.26.2007更新] 



 企業防衛策について


Protect Shareholder Interests in Anti-Takeover Mesures.

1. Conduct and publish by April 2008 a survey on the adoption of defensive measures by Japanese corporations to determine whether they are protecting the intersts of shareholders, rather than of management, and are otherwise consistent with the goals and rules of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) as well as with the 2005 Takeover Defense Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  Include recommendations on what additional measures are necessary to ensure that anti-takeover measures do not harm shareholder interests; and


企業の買収防衛策において株主の利益を守ること

1 2008年4月までに、日本企業が実施した買収防衛策についての調査を行い発表すること。 日本企業の防衛策が、経営側の利益を守るためではなく、株主の利益を守るためであるかどうか、また、経済産業省が2005年に出した「企業防衛策に関する指針」および東京証券取引所(東証)の目標と規則に一致しているかどうかを判断するためである。 買収防衛策が株主の利益を損なわないようにするにはどのような追加的対策が必要であるかについての提言も含めること。さらに、 

2. Require that all publicly-traded companies establish a committee composed of truly independent directors to review and provide their views and recommendations on any take-over bid (TOB) received by the company.  Require that the board of directors include in its "position statement report" the views and recommendations of the committe of independent directors and, where applicable, the reasons why those views and recommendations were not adopted by the board.

2 全ての株式公開企業が、自社を対象とした株式公開買付け(TOB)に関して検討し意見と提言を与える社外取締役から構成される委員会を設立することを求めること。 取締役会が、「財務諸表」上に、社外取締役からなる委員会の意見と提言を載せるように求め、さらに、できれば、それらの意見と提言が取締役会によって採用されなかった理由を載せること。

 [12.26.2007更新] 



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